Why does my tail command -n NUM not work

Question

I want to understand the following command in Linux:

# tail -n+454 /path/to/a/file | head -n 6

I expect that tail -n+454 /path/to/a/file prints the lines, starting at line 454 and the following 5 lines.

The | sends that output to the head as an input. Then only the first 10 lines are taken.

Finally, -n 6 defines that only the first 6 lines are printed to the screen.

Did I translate the command correctly?

Now I have the following problem: Let's assume I have a file and the following line in it:

# Step #6: Configure output plugins

I want to print the 5 lines immediately before that line (including that line).

First I checked, what line number my line in question has:

nl /path/to/a/file | grep output

The line number is 459.

I want the 5 lines preceding line 459 as well as line 459 itself (that is, lines 454 to 459).

The command tail -n+454 /path/to/a/file | head -n 6 gives me the following output:

This is line 380 to 384:

I expected to get lines 454 to 459. What did I not understand? Is my command not correct?

Answer 1

The mistake I made was that I displayed only the non-empty lines in the file, which was wrong.

It's better to use...

nl -ba [FILE]

To number all lines in the file. Then look up the lines of interest and use the head and tail commands (with piping) to get the final results.

Example:

tail -n +539 [FILE] | 
tail -n 6 tail -n +539 [FILE] | 
head -n -212 
head -n 544 [FILE] | tail -n 6 head -n 544 [FILE] | tail -n +539

All commands lead to the same result.

Another mistake I made was the syntax. There should be a space between -n and +NUM.

By the way, the line numbers in my OP are wrong, because I used the wrong numbering line command. The line I refer to is 544 not 459.