The JSON format you're using to override is incorrect. And kubectl ignores the fields it cannot recognise.
kubectl run -i --rm --tty ubuntu --overrides='
{
  "apiVersion": "batch/v1",
  "spec": {
    "template": {
      "spec": {
        "containers": [
          {
            "name": "ubuntu",
            "image": "ubuntu:14.04",
            "args": [
              "bash"
            ],
            "stdin": true,
            "stdinOnce": true,
            "tty": true,
            "volumeMounts": [{
              "mountPath": "/home/store",
              "name": "store"
            }]
          }
        ],
        "volumes": [{
          "name":"store",
          "emptyDir":{}
        }]
      }
    }
  }
}
'  --image=ubuntu:14.04 --restart=Never -- bash
For debugging run the command you specified and then on another terminal run this command:
kubectl get job ubuntu -o json
You'll notice that the actual job structure is different from the one you used (you were missing the nested template/spec, and volumes, volumeMounts, and containers need to be arrays).