Yes, in Java we do have a similar function called Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
This method will return you the array of StackTraceElement. The array returned gives the current stack trace. Below is a demo to implement this method:
public class TestDumpThread {
        //Dump the current thread stack trace.
    public static void dumpCurrentStackTrace() {
        StackTraceElement[] stes = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
        for (StackTraceElement element : stes) {
            System.out.println(element);
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dumpCurrentStackTrace();
    }
}
This will give you the below output:
java.lang.Thread.getStackTrace(Unknown Source)
DemoDumpThread.dumpCurrentStackTrace(DemoDumpThread.java:3)
DemotDumpThread.main(DemotDumpThread.java:10)