You can use DATEADD() function to compute the 14 days before each date. Create a measure using the below code.
SalesTwoWeeksAgo =
CALCULATE (
    SUM ( 'Table'[SalesAmount] ),
    FILTER (
        ALL ( 'Table' ),
        COUNTROWS (
            FILTER (
                'Table',
                EARLIER ( 'Table'[Date] ) = DATEADD ( 'Table'[Date], -14, DAY )
            )
        )
    )
)
While the previous DAX expression works, I'd reckon you create a calculated column which is better than the measure-approach when it comes down to performance.